St. Petersburg Institute
of Foreign Economic
Relations, Economics
and Law (IFEREL)
Yerevan Branch
THE COURSE PAPER
On theSubject
"The Infinitive Constructions and The Ways of TheirUsing "
By AcademicSubject
The Practice and Theory of Translation of English
Made by thestudent of
III-rd year
Kyosababyn Diana Rafaelovna
Therecord-book
#
E-4112
Checked by:
The Head(Teacher) Badalyan L. A. _________
Signature
Yerevan - 2 00 5
The List of Contents
#
INDEX
Page #
1.
The List of Contents.
- 3
2.
Introduction: The Non-Finite Forms of the Verbs.
- 4
3.
The Predicative Constructions with Non-Finite Formsof the Verbs.
- 6
4.
Body: The Predicative Infinitive Constructions. TheObjective-with-the-Infinitive Construction.
- 7
5.
The Subjective-with-the-Infinitive Construction.
- 12
6.
The For-to-Infinitive Construction.
- 14
7.
The Absolute Infinitive Construction.
- 16
8.
Conclusion
- 17
9.
Bibliography
- 19
INTRIDUCTION
The words of every language fall intoclasses which are called Parts of Speech . Each part of speech has characteristics of its own. The parts ofspeech differ from each other in meaning, in form and in function.
One of the parts of speech is the Verb.According to content, the verb can be described as word denoting action (theterm "action" embracing the meaning of activity (to walk, to speak, to play, tostudy), process (to sleep, to wait, to live), state (to be, to like, to know),relation (to consist, to resemble, to lack) and the like. According to form, itcan be described as a word that has certain grammatical features that are notshared by other parts of speech; they have the category of tense, aspect,voice. According to the function, verb can be defined as a word making up thepredicate of the sentence.
The English Verbs can be divided into twomain groups, according to the function they perform in the sentence - thefinite forms and non-finite forms .
The finite forms have the function of the predicate in thesentence and may also be called the predicate forms .
The non-finite or non-predicative forms can havevarious other functions. These forms are also called the verbals.
The non-finite forms or the verbals, unlikethe finite forms of the verbs do not express person, number or mood. Thereforethey cannot be used as the predicate of a sentence. Like the finite forms ofthe verbs the verbals have tense and voice distinctions, but their tensedistinctions differ from those of the finite verb.
There are three verbals in English: theparticiple, the gerund, and the infinitive. In Russian there are also threenon-finite forms of the verb, but they do not fully coincide with those in theEnglish language ( ïðè Г· Г Г±ГІГЁГҐ,äååïðè Г· Г±ГІГЁГҐ,ГЁГГґГЁГГЁГІГЁГў ).
In English the verbals have the followingcharacteristic traits:
a) They have adouble nature: nominal and verbal . The participle combines thecharacteristics of a verb with those of an adjective; the gerund and theinfinitive combine the characteristics of a verb with those of a known.
b) The tensedistinctions of the verbals are not absolute like those of the finite verbs,but relative. The form of a verbal does not show whether the action it denotesrefers to the present, past or future. It shows only whether the actionexpressed by the verbal is simultaneous with the action expressed by the finiteverb or prior to it.
In the sentence a verbal may occur.
a) singling (without accompanying words)
Eg. She went away smiling. - Вона пішла , посміхаючись .
Reading is out of question , I can ' t fix my attention on books . - Про читання не може бути й речіб я не можу зосередитисвою увагу на книгах.
b) in phrase (ie with one or several accompanyingwords - an object or an adverbial modifier to the verbal). The phrases formsyntactic units serving as one part of the sentence. A phrase should not beconfused with a predicative construction. Between the elements of a phrasethere is no predicate relation as it does not include a...
