Contents
Introduction
1. Theoretical issues of translation
1.1 Development of translation notion in linguistics
1.2 Equivalence of translation
1.3 Types of translation
1.4 Pragmatics of translation
2. Lexical and grammatical peculiarities ofscientific-technical texts
2.1 The characteristic of thescientific and technical language
2.2 Analysis of terminology in scientific-technical style
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
At present timethere is a great necessity to emphasize scientific-technical translation notonly as a special kind of translation activity and special theory thatinvestigates this kind of activity but as to assign scientific-technicaltranslation a status of independent applied science. From the linguisticviewpoint peculiarities of scientific-technical are spread on its stylistics,grammar and lexics. The main task of scientific-technical translation is apossibly clear and precise bringing of the information to the reader. This canbe achived by logical interpretation of actual material without explicitemotionality. The style of scientific-technical materials can be identified asformally logical.
Scientific-technicaltexts reveal a great number of grammar peculiarities. The most typical lexicalfeature of scientific-technical materials is terms and terminology saturationas well as presence of lexical structures and acronyms. A special place in suchmaterials are the texts oriented not only for this group language speakers butfor representatives of a certain professional group with certainextralinguistic knowledge.
The aim of thisterm paper is devoted to peculiarities of scientific-technical translation.
The followingtasks were set up to identify translation peculiarities of technical materials:
1. Reveal anddescribe common linguistic basis of translation, identify what peculiarities oflanguage systems and functions are the foundations of translation process.
2. Classifymain kinds of translation activity.
3. Research peculiaritiesof scientific-technical materials.
4. Studyspecific English terminology required for professional translation.
5. Analysegrammatical and lexical peculiarities of scientific-technical texts.
The object ofthis research is some scientific-technical texts representing manuals forelectric devices. The subject of this research is the translation ofscientifi-technical materials.
The paperconsists of introduction, two chapters and conclusion. It is also provided withbibliography list.
The introductionexplains the urgency of the research theme, its theoretical and practicalvalue, it identifies the object, subject, aim and tasks of the work.
The firstchapter of this research is devoted to the review of theoretical issues oftranslation, classification of translation and description of certain kinds oftranslation as well as types of texts being translated.
The secondchapter ivestigates scientific-technical terminology, morphological structureof terms (simple, compound, term phrases), it analyses the main approaches oftheir translation into English (use of equvalents, analogues, calking andtransliteration), structure of scientific-technical terms, translation of fullitems, acronyms, company items and difficulties related to structure differencesof compared languages.
Methodology ofthe research. The aim achivement of the research and implementation of the setup tasks outlines the need in a number of theoretical and emperical methods ofresearch (theoretical research, concretization, modelling, studying of specificliterature, manuals, dictionaries).
Theoreticalvalue of the research results. The ivestigation, detalization of the issuesstudied, theoretical value of the received results leads to the conclusion thatthis research finds out the necessity to emphasize scientific-technicaltranslation as an independent applied science.
The results ofthe research are submitted in the conclusion of the work.
1. Theoretical issues oftranslation
Translation isthe interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language and the production,in another language, of an equivalent text that communicates the same message.Translation must take into account a number of constraints, including context,the rules of grammar of the two languages, their writing conventions, theiridioms and the like. Consequently, as has been recognized at least since thetime of the translator Martin Luther, one translates best into the languagethat one knows best. Traditionally translation has been a human activity,though attempts have been made to computerize or otherwise automate thetranslation of natural-language texts (machine translation) or to use computersas an aid to translation (computer-assisted translation). [1; 48] Perhaps themost common misconception about translation is that there exists a simple"Word-for-word" relation between any two languages, and that translation istherefore a straightforward and mechanical process. On the contrary, historicaldifferences between languages ​​often dictate differences of expression. Hence,source and target texts may differ significantly in length. In addition,translation is always fraught with uncertainties as well as the potential forinadvertent "spilling over" of idioms and usages from one language into theother, producing linguistic hybrids, for example, "Franglais"(French-English), "Spanglish" (Spanish-English) and"Poglish" (Polish-English). [2; 31]
The translationof technical texts (manuals, instructions, etc). More specifically, texts thatcontain a high amount of terminology, that is, words or expressions that areused (almost) only within a specific field, or that describe that field in agreat deal of detail. The translation of scientific research papers, abstracts,conference proceedings, and other publications from one language into another.The specialized technical vocabulary used by researchers in each disciplinedemand that the translator of scientific texts have technical as well aslinguistic expertise.
1.1 Development of translationnotion in linguistics
Among multipleproblems that modern linguistics studies an important role is played bystudying of lingustic aspects of cross-language speaking activity that iscalled translation or translating activity. Translation is an ancient human'sactivity. Due to groups of people appeared in the history of mankind haddifferent languages ​​the bilinguals became urgent as they helped communicationbetween groups with different languages. Then writing appeared and along withoral interpreters written translators became urgent as well. They translateddifferent texts of official, religious and business issues. From its verybeginning translation played a significant social function allowing people ofdifferent languages ​​communicate. Spreading of written translations gave peopleaccess to cultural achivements of other people and it made interacting andintersaturation of literatures and cultures feasible. Knowledge of foreignlanguages ​​allows reading books originally written in those languages ​​[3; 562].
The firsttheoreticals of translation were the translators themselves who tried togeneralize their own experience. Translators of ancient world discussed theissue of proximity degree to the source text. In early Bible translations ortranslations of other materials that were considered to be sacral and exemplarywe can find word for word approach of the source text interpretation thatsometimes lead to partly or even full misunderstanding of translations. That iswhy later translators tried theoretically approve the right of translator forreasonable variety in subject to the source text...
